How to build a streaming service?

Building a streaming service involves several steps: identifying your target audience and their needs, acquiring necessary content licenses, choosing a hosting solution, developing the streaming app/platform with required features (such as search, recommendations, playlists), ensuring strong security measures, and then testing and launching the service.

What is live streaming services?

Live streaming services provide real-time broadcasting of video and audio content over the internet. These services are commonly used for events, concerts, gaming, webinars, and educational content, allowing viewers to watch the stream as it happens from anywhere in the world.

Development

How to build Live-Streaming Service with Ruby on Rails and TokBox

Aleh Kanoika

Tech Lead

8 mins | March 28, 2022

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Live streaming services development is one of the fast-growing trends in current mainstream development. There are numerous examples of the ways live videos can be used in. There is an online video chat for small groups, live Yoga classes, an online doctor appointment service, live gaming, etc. Have you ever been curious about the difficulty of building a live-streaming service? If you’ve had, we’ll surprise you: it can be done just in an hour! Let us suppose that you are not going to build everything from scratch, and you’ll just connect some already existing technologies with each other to create something new instead. First of all, you will have to sign-up on https://tokbox.com/ and get your API key, and a secret token for further usage in the Rails app. This process is pretty straightforward and you’ll find all necessary keys right on the dashboard as soon as the registration is completed. That’s it!

Step 1. Create new app and add some configuration

Let’s begin with the creation of a new Rails app. For this purpose we recommend you to use Rails 4:

$ rails new live-streaming

Once it’s done, let’s add some gems to our Gemfile:

gem 'figaro' # we'll use it to store our API keys
gem 'gon' # this one to expose our API keys to JS
gem 'opentok' # SDK to use TokBox library
gem 'devise' # I bet you know whats is it :)

And run

$ bundle

We’ll use gon gem to expose session ID of the stream to the browser as JS variable. To be able to access JS variables, make sure to add the following line into to the application layout file:

<%= gon::base.render_data="" %=""></%=>

We’ll use figaro gem to expose our secret API keys to Rails.

$ bundle exec figaro install

It will create config/application.yml where we’ll store our API keys to access the OpenTOK.

You should put your API keys there which you’ve got from the TokBox website:

opentok_api_key: paste_your_api_key
opentok_api_secret: paste_your_secret_key

Now, these variables will be accessible from our Rails app using Figaro.env object:

Figaro.env.opentok_api_key
Figaro.evn.opentok_api_secret

Pretty handy, isn’t it?

Step 2. Add OpenTok client

To connect to the OpenTOK platform and use their AP, we have to add a client.

To achieve that, let’s create an initializer file in /config/initializers/: we’ve added a simple constant for the OpenTok client, which allows us to access it anywhere in the Rails app.

Now we have to make sure that it works properly.

Open the rails console and try to create a new session for OpenTok:

$ rails c
>OpenTokClient.create_session

You’ll see the dump of a newly created OpenTOK session.

Step 3. Generate some models

First, let’s install the Devise and create a user model with the help of the device generator.

$ rails g devise:install
$ rails g devise user

After that, we’ll generate stream resources able to create a model, migration, a controller, and some scaffolds for scripts and tests.

$ rails g resource stream user:references desc:text status:string tokbox_session_id:string

We’ll have to set the routes root to the point to our stream:

root 'user#stream'

We’ll also need to add simple references to our models and a callback to generate a new session ID for each new stream.
This is how the models will look at this stage:

https://gist.github.com/BitOfUniverse/c72232677705b54e94ce850843eb4baa

User model

https://gist.github.com/BitOfUniverse/090b5c76b8072164f5870cc616abe7af

Stream model

Then run migrations and we are set for now.

$ rake db:migrate

Step 4. A little of coffee script and html

This part is pretty simple,too, so we’ll just need two different actions: to watch and to stream the video. It means that we have to create:

two controller actions
two views for these actions
two JS files for these views
new routes

Actions

https://gist.github.com/BitOfUniverse/10acf4aaaacdbc851c8fb59b51479bdc

At first, we have to generate a new token each time anew when we are going to stream or watch the video. OpenTok SDK provides a method called generate_token which requires session_ID as first arguments and also accepts options hash to set additional data and capabilities for the token.
Read more here on the token creation process: https://www.tokbox.com/developer/guides/create-token/

Step 5. Run the app!

Finally, it’s high time to run our own stream!

Run rails server

$ rails s -p 3000

You are welcome to visit your app at http://localhost:3000, so after a quick signup process, you’ll be able to start your own stream and watch it.

Step 6. How to deploy the app on Heroku

If you want to make your app open to the public and let other people get connected and watch the streams, you can deploy it to Heroku in a few minutes.